Immigrants and The American Dream Essay - 2131 Words

The American dream is different for every person. To some it means financial success, to others it means freedom of expression, while others dream to practice their religion without fear. The American dream is a complex concept providing immigrants with the hope of better life. The U.S. government provides the environment and resources for everyone to pursue their dreams. Each year millions of people around the world apply for the Diversity Visa lottery program provided by the U.S. government, however only a few thousand people are lucky enough to come here. America is the place where people are judged by their achievements instead of having references or connections. Even though the American economy is in recession and the†¦show more content†¦Another example of immigrant achieving her dream is the former Secretary of State during the Clinton’s administration who was born in Czechoslovakia. The first woman secretary of State and the highest-ranking woman in the feder al government to date, Madeleine Albright (â€Å"Madeleine K.†). She escaped the atrocities of World War II studied hard in the U.S. in pursue of her dream and went on to become one of the most respected female politicians. In this historical retro prospective one can only assume that the American dream was achieved by immigrants throughout the history. The founding of the New World gave the religiously oppressed people hope to exercise their religious dreams. The non-stop conflicts in Europe between the Church and Protestants led many people to flee from their home countries. Among the first settlers on the New World were the Protestants which were chased by the government in their countries. In the 18th century the religious conflicts led the founders to make the First Amendment in the American Constitution. The Amendment states that the U.S. government wouldn’t have a state-supported church as Britain did. (Wills 58) Today even though religious oppression seems like an ancient problem, it still exists. The U.S. country hasShow MoreRelatedImmigrants And The American Dream1362 Words   |  6 PagesImmigrants and the American Dream In the article â€Å"The American Dream†, by James Truslow Adams in The Sundance Reader book, he stated that the American dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and highRead MoreImmigrants Should Not The American Dream1305 Words   |  6 PagesAllowing immigrants to enjoy the American Dream has been a controversial topic for quite some time. Many people argue that immigrants should not be able to enjoy the American Dream simply because they are not American. Others argue that anyone should be allowed to enjoy the American Dream because everyone deserves a chance at success. Immigrants should be allowed to enjoy the American Dream because American is a free country, immigrants ca n’t help what situation they were born into, and immigrants positivelyRead MoreImmigrants and the American Dream Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagescommon, they all had a dream, that dream was the American Dream. In the present day the desire to achieve the dream hasnt changed. However, the idea of the American Dream, brings up a lot of questions. What is the American Dream? Who defines it? Can it be achieved? Lastly, should everyone have a chance to achieve it? What is the American Dream? When this question was asked on the first day of class, there were many different answers as to what makes up the American Dream. Some people said havingRead MoreNative Immigrants And The American Dream1488 Words   |  6 Pagesgenerations to come. Many of the immigrants were either Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Vietnamese, or Indian. The term Asian American tied these groups of people together for political reasons. After the earthquake of 1906, Asian immigrants were granted access if they were related to a citizen in America. This exception caused records to be falsified. These people were referred to as â€Å"paper sons/daughters.†.[1] Upon the arrival to America, Chinese immigrants went through a screening processRead MoreThe American Dream for Immigrants Essay1968 Words   |  8 PagesThe American Dream is that dream of a nation in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with options for each according to capaci ty or accomplishments. It is a dream of social stability in which each man and each woman shall be able to achieve to the fullest distinction of which they are essentially competent, and be distinguished by others for what they are, despite of the incidental conditions of birth or stance. People consider America the land of opportunities, a new beginningRead MoreThe American Dream from the Immigrants Perspective1625 Words   |  6 PagesMy Question, The conception of the American Dream, I believe is different among native-born Americans and immigrants. Everyone desires to become successful in life and many people will stop at nothing to achieve it. In my case, by moving to the United States, I now have the opportunity to live the American Dream, but my definition may differ from everyone else’s. I believe that The American Dream for Immigrants means getting a good education, working hard, family support, willing to adapt to a newRead MoreHow Immigrants Can Achieve the American Dream Essay741 Words   |  3 Pagesthe â€Å"America Dream.† The term America Dream has different interpretation for everyone. For some people America Dream means the pursuit of material prosperity, for others it means achieving their personal goals in life that they could not achieve in their homeland. Every citizen of the United State of America has the opportunity of achieving it, but it will depend on their perseverance and effort of them. If everyone has the same opportunities in America why do some peoples dreams get realizeRead MoreThe American Dream Is The Forefront Of Many Beginnings For Citizens And Immigrants Alike943 Words   |  4 Pages The American Dream is the forefront of many beginnings for citizens and immigrants alike. Achieving this idea has proved to be unfair in certain circumstances due to many factors. The ability to reach the American Dream is not entirely realistic to a handful of people and is highly refutable. Having the chance to accomplish the American Dream is a freedom that most people desire. The American Dream is in fact real, and many have reached this set of ideals with success. However, the diversity thatRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1130 Words   |  5 Pagesof the American Dream. The American Dream has changed dramatically over the few centuries. During the Founding Fathers’ time, many believed the American Dream meant freedom, equality, and mutual respect. Time has changed this ideology of the American Dream, which is now seen as owning a million dollar mansion with multiple luxury cars. This isn’t the case for many immigrants who come to the Americas to have a better life for themselves and their family. To many of them, the American Dream is as simpleRead MoreThe Importance Of Immigrants Role In Society791 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 19th century, waves of immigrants have migrated to the U.S. in search of the freedom and prosperity guaranteed by the Constitution. In pursuit of the â€Å"American† dream immigrants take shelter on American soil each year seeking employment, education, refuge, and better lives for their families. In 2015, the Migration Policy Institute reported that: â€Å"there were 43.3 million immigrants in the U.S. accounting for 13.5% of the U.S. population.† It’s unfortunate that immigrants role in society is misunderstood

Research About Ted Bundy and Social Theory - 2012 Words

I chose to analyze the case of Ted Bundy because when I was in high school I saw the movie Ted Bundy. At the time that I watched this movie I was already interested in going to college and majoring in psychology. I wanted to know why people do the things they do. Going into this subject I find everything about Ted Bundy’s case intriguing. Throughout the course of this class I have learned so many theories and risk factors that explain why criminals do the things they do. I feel like writing about Ted Bundy and doing research on his case could benefit my future career in psychology by gaining knowledge in the field of criminology and all types of risk factors. This could make it easier for me to spot out what kind of risk factors are found†¦show more content†¦Ted Bundy had some spiral down falls in his life, that he probably never saw coming, but all humans experience hardships throughout our lives. Of course we all deal with hardships differently, in Ted’s uni que case he winded up screwing up his entire life with a series of criminal acts, killing over 30 women. To the world Ted is known as one of the most notorious serial killers. Many people will ask questions such as why did he do that? And how could a human being have no remorse for killing any of these women. Well, in the next few subjects I will try to break it down in two theories as to why Ted Bundy did what he did. Of course we can’t understand entirely why a psychopath serial killer does things, but there are some theories that can lead us to believe why a serial killer commits such violent acts. On February 15, 1978 Ted Bundy was arrested in Florida while he was in prison he admitted to raping and killing more than 30 women and girls, he was suspected of committing over 50 murders. He was convicted on July 31, 1979. Bundy’s beetle bug was where he trapped many of his victims handcuffing them, knocking them out with a crowbar and then driving them off to a secluded location to meet their death. Many of Ted’s victims remain anonymous, but there are a few that re veal some stories that they experienced when coming in contact with Ted. ANALYSIS As I watched Ted Bundy’s finalShow MoreRelatedSerial Killers And The United States1743 Words   |  7 Pagesnot obtainable for serial killers due to their inability for remorse and empathy, or to see people as people and not objects(Knight 2006). This research paper will focus primarily on serial murder within the U.S. First and foremost, a legal definition provided by the U.S. Department of Justice will be presented to set forth the discussion of this research paper. As follows will be a detailed discussion explaining serial killer typologies with the use of examples of known serial killers in the U.SRead MoreTed Bundy: a Personality Comparison with the Theories Od Rollo May and Albert Bandura2868 Words   |  12 PagesTed Bundy 2 Ted Bundy: A Personality Comparison With The Theories Of Rollo May and Albert Bandura The objective of this case study is to examine the personality of one of the most notorious serial killers in modern history, Ted Bundy. Ted Bundy was alleged to have humiliated, tortured and murdered at least 50 women. Possibility more, but the true number will never be known. Because Ted Bundy kept the true number of his victims to himself and refused to inform authorities of the exactRead More Ted Bundy Essay2768 Words   |  12 Pages Ted Bundy 2 Ted Bundy: A Personality Comparison With The Theories Of Rollo May and Albert Bandura The objective of this case study is to examine the personality of one of the most notorious serial killers in modern history, Ted Bundy. Ted Bundy was alleged to have humiliated, tortured and murdered at least 50 women. Possibility more, but the true number will never be known. Because Ted Bundy kept the true number of his victims to himself and refused to inform authorities of the exact number ofRead MoreAnti Social Personality Disorder?1866 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Anti-social personality disorder is a relatively new umbrella term that includes the definitions of both the disorders of psychopath, and sociopath. Anti-social personality disorder was added to the 5th Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders which was published in 2009 yet the terms psychopath and sociopath have histories that date back to the 19th and the 1930’s respectively. It is critical for our society to fully understand and develop an expanding view of peopleRead MoreThe Legacy Of Ted Bundy2429 Words   |  10 Pagesnotoriously known as Ted Bundy, was born in Burlington, Vermont on November 24, 1946. Bundy was raised by his grandparents for the first three years of his life in order to avoid public disgrace from their community due to the fact that Bundy’s mother had him out of wedlock. As a young boy, Bundy was under the notion, along with the community around him, that his grandparents were his parents and his mother was his older sister. A t the age of four, his mother left with Bundy to live in PhiladelphiaRead More Ted Bundy and Psychodynamic Theory Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesTheodore Bundy was born on November 24th 1946. He was born to an unwed mother who was told that she was his sister. He was raised by his grandparents who portrayed themselves as his parents throughout his early childhood years. According to the article I read Ted’s grandfather was abusive towards Ted and his other siblings (Montaldo). Ted was shy and said to be sociably awkward, but during high school he developed into good looking guy and was liked by many. Ted met his first girlfriend inRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Forensic Psychology1406 Words   |  6 Pageswonder why criminals do what they do. In order to have these questions answered, a Forensic Psychologist’s is needed, the basic definition of a Forensic Psychologist is an individual that treats criminal- related people. Here is some information about everything there is to know of a Forensic Psychologist, their salary, types of jobs, well- known people, famous cases, and their disadvantages. First of all, when someone hears the terminology Forensic Psychology, they usually refer to it as psychologistsRead Morepornography right or wronga Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Ashford: Week 3 Assignment 2 Rebecca Ledbetter SOC: 120 Introduction to Ethics Social Responsibility Instructor Brian  Addis 10/06/2014 Pornography is one of the most controversy problems that humanity faces daily. It has materialized as a somber threat to the dignity of human sexuality and its deific purpose, perplexing the very nature of man and woman and signifying the falsification of mind in the existing age today. It has infestedRead MoreSerial Killers1314 Words   |  6 Pagesto do what they do. Many scientists are still researching whether or not if serial killers are driven by the way they were raised or if it is a part of their genes. This literature review will analyze what people think about the nature versus nurture debate. It will talk about the nature side and the nurture side of the debate. What is a serial killer? Eric Hickey (2012) in â€Å"Serial Killers: Defining Serial Murder† defines what a serial killer is exactly. In the article the Hickey describes serialRead MoreCriminal Profiling, Criminal, And Forensic Psychology1226 Words   |  5 Pageswhy he eventually committed suicide. He produced the report A Psychological Analysis of Adolph Hitler: His Life and Legend, with the help of Professor Henry A. Murray, of the Harvard Psychological Clinic, Dr. Ernst Kris, of the New School for Social Research, and Dr. Bertram D. Lewin, of the New York Psychoanalytic Institute.† (OSS-CIA Files) Topics in this report varied from Hitler’s family background, his response to noise, personal appearance, sleeping patterns, his sexual life, his posture, his

Moral Theology of Health Care Free Essays

Bioethics is a recently coined word. It comes from â€Å"bio† which means life and from â€Å"ethics† which is morality. Bioethics is that branch of Ethics which deals directly with the problems of life and dying, of health and of healing. We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Theology of Health Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now It focuses attention to the need for a healthier world in accordance with the dictates of reason. As a health care provider, they are face with many ethical issues left and right. These issues sometimes question our integrity as humans with compassion and concern for others. They say that health care providers are sometimes called an accomplice whenever they have done an unlawful thing which is not legal for their chosen profession. Respect for persons, justice, and beneficence, autonomy has been a major workhorse in bioethical analysis over the past several decades. First, let us discuss the respect for persons, justice, beneficence and autonomy. This entails the dignity that we have as human beings. That as human, we have every right to do things and that we should be respected for it. We should respect individuals as well as their lives. As a health care provider, it is our duty to preserve life and not to destroy it. Health care providers often deal with critical situations where human life us at stake, both in the community and in particular health settings. Thus, it is very important that they understand and respect the sanctity of human life. During such situations they may be forced to decide whether or not to perform clinical procedures to preserve health and save the lives of people in a community. Abortion, we all know that Life is precious. It is our main concern and duty. Health is our personal responsibility. This requires that we adopt a style of life that fosters health. We owe it to our family and society to be healthy. The cost of health care is becoming expensive everyday. It is a crime of gross injustice when, because of our reckless habits, we force our family to suffer financial losses and indebtedness. But do we really care about the life which God has bestowed in us? Yes, certainly we do but there are some women choose to abort the life that is in them for some irrefutable reasons. Many agree to abortion depends to the circumstances but how about the women who just do not want to have kids? Is it reasonable that they just abort the â€Å"life† because they want to avoid responsibilities? Absolutely, not! Human life is sacred because conception, from the beginning, already involves the creative action of God. As human beings, we remain forever in a special relationship with the Creator. Human life is endowed with majesty and dignity which call forth for an equally dignified response. We owe human life respect and reverence. Such reverence, respect, and concern for life is a way of saying â€Å"yes† to God’s concern for human life in all its forms. In this complex world that we live in today, abortion and contraception are two of the most hotly- debated issues. They pose a serious moral challenge particularly to medical practitioners and health service providers who are supposed to preserve and protect human life. Thus a thorough understanding of these issues is necessary to arrive at logical and moral solutions. Still the fact remains that neither abortion nor contraception are desirable in human society. Their prevention should be a shared task that rises above the debates on the morality of abortion or contraception. The sanctity of human life demands that it must be respected and protected absolutely from the moment of a conception. From the first moment of her existence, a human being already possesses the rights of a person and that as health care providers we should greatly respect, among which is the inviolable right of every innocent being. This alienable right must be recognized and respected by civil society, political authority and health care professionals. Abortion destroys life and violates the right to life. As such it is morally evil and it should not be in any way legalized and liberally permitted in the laws and constitution of the nation as well as in the ethics of the health care professionals. Euthanasia is one of the most debatable issues of our society today. Many disagree with this practice but others say that it is the only way of ending the agony of the patient. So if this issue is still argued, in what circumstance it becomes right? Euthanasia is the killing, for reasons of mercy, of a person who is suffering from an incurable illness or hopeless injury. Euthanasia is an ancient concept that has in the past been an acceptable practice in certain societies; for example, in ancient Greece. In modern times, however, euthanasia is generally considered murder by the law and also is most of the world’s organized religions. Passive, or negative, euthanasia does not involve the act of killing. It consists of the withdrawal of, or the deliberate failure to initiate, life-sustaining treatment in hopeless initiate, life-sustaining treatment in hopeless cases. Instead of being kept alive for days or weeks through various kinds of machines and drugs, the patient is simply allowed to die. Moreover, â€Å"euthanasia† derives from the Greek words Eu which means good and Thanatos which means death. It etymologically signifies â€Å"good health,† a pleasant and gentle death without awful suffering. Euthanasia may be defined as an action or omission that by its very nature, or in the intention, causes death, for the purpose of eliminating whatever pain. Furthermore, the issue of death has become more complicated than it is used to be because of ethical conflict. The moral issue of euthanasia revolves around the preservation of human dignity in death even to the individual’s last breath. This issue has both its positive and negative sides. The positive argument states that euthanasia aims to preserve human dignity until death. Not only does one have a duty to preserve life but one also has the right to die with dignity. To die with dignity means that one should be better than to go on living with an incurable and distressing sickness. The negative argument, on the other hand, declares that euthanasia erodes human dignity because it means cowardliness in the face of pain and suffering. People who have faced the realities of life with courage die with dignity. Whereas the positive side insists that mercy killing preserves human dignity, the negative side claims the opposite since the act hastens the death of an individual. Furthermore, others consider euthanasia to be morally wrong because it is intentional killing which opposes the natural moral law or the natural inclination to preserve life. They even argue that euthanasia may be performed for self-interest or other consequences. Also, doctors and other health care professionals may be tempted not to do their best to save the patient. They may resort not to do their best to save the patient. They may resort to euthanasia as an easy way out and simply disregard any other alternatives. Physician assisted suicide is the type of suicide assisted by a physician. The physician prescribes or administers a drug that could lead the patient to death. One way to distinguish between euthanasia and assisted suicide is to look at the last act, the act by which death occurred. Using this distinction, if a third party performed the last act that intentionally caused a patient’s death, euthanasia occurred. For example, giving a patient a lethal injection or pulling a plastic bag over her head to suffocate her would be considered euthanasia. On the other hand, if the person who died performed the last act, assisted suicide took place. Thus it is assisted suicide if a person swallowed an overdose of drugs provided by a doctor for the purpose of casing death. It is also assisted suicide if a patient pushed a switch to trigger a fatal injection after the doctor inserted an intravenous needle into the patient’s vein. A lot of people think that assisted suicide is needed so patients will not be forced to remain alive by being â€Å"hooked up† to machines. There are laws that permit patients or their surrogates to withhold or withdraw unwanted medical treatment even if that increases the likelihood that the patient will die. Thus, no one needs to be hooked up to machines against his or her will. Neither the law nor the medical ethics requires that â€Å"everything be done† to keep a person alive. Insistence, against the patient’s whishes, that death be postponed by every means available is contrary to law and practice. It is also cruel and inhuman. There comes a time when continued attempts to cure are no longer compassionate, wise or medically wound. On such situations, hospice, including in- home hospice care, can be of great help. That is the time when all efforts should be directed at making the patient’s remaining time comfortable. Then, all interventions should be directed to the alleviation of pain and other symptoms as well as to the provision of emotional and spiritual support for both the patient and the patient’s loved ones. Medicine is at the service of life. Since the beginning medical practitioners have struggled to conserve health, alleviate suffering and as much as they can, prolong life. Nobody escapes death, as death as inevitable. It is a fearful reality. However, acceptance of death would â€Å"perhaps be easier and more meaningful if one lives life to the fullest and strive to give meaning to his/ her existence.’ Today, the span of human life has considerably lengthened than during the past decades, thanks to significant achievements in the medical field. However, life will remain a journey and man will continue his pilgrimage towards his final destiny. Surely, man will reach a point when neither the physician nor modern medicine can do more for him. As one poet states: â€Å"It is sheer madness of a man to cling to his life when God wills that he die.† Nurses play a vital role in a patient’s struggle against illness. Are nurses allowed to cut the thread of life when the weight of pain, suffering and hopelessness has become too heavy for the patient to bear? Can we â€Å"plan† for our death, just as we plan for our future? While health providers strive to render the best care for patients, situations arise when the patients themselves demand for assistance to have their lives ended. During such situations, health care providers and medical practitioners are expected to act morally and justify their stand. Reference: Drane, James F. Clinical Bioethics. Kansas City: Sheed Ward, 1994. Higgins, Gregory C. Where do you stand? New Jersey: Paulist Press, 1995. Hughes, Gerald J. Authority in Morals. London: Heythrop Monographs, 1978. Kippley, John Sheila Kippley. The Art of Natural Family Planning. Cincinnati: The Couple of Couple League International, Inc. 1975. . How to cite Moral Theology of Health Care, Essay examples

Changing Organizational Culture Cultural Change

Question: Discuss about the Changing Organizational Culture for Cultural Change. Answer: Introduction: People resist change as they feel that they have lost control over their work. Besides this, people also resist change as they have a fear that they cannot be able to perform well when the change is implemented in the organization. In addition to this, if the desired change to be brought in the organization is not properly communicated to the members who are affected by the change, then also people resist to change as they do not have the knowledge regarding the change to be brought in the organization and its implications on their performance and productivity. In addition to this, employees have low trust on the companys management regarding the implementation and management of the change in the organization in an effective and efficient manner (Ford, Ford and DAmelio, 2008). People also resist change if they do not have the information regarding the need for bringing change in the organization. Besides this, people also resist change if they have a negative feeling regarding the change at the end of the change to be brought in the organization. For example, adoption of a new technology in the organization to automate the processes is being implemented. The employees resist to change as they have the fear that their performance will be affected by the change in the technology used as they do not have the knowledge regarding the way in which the assigned tasks have to be performed.It is requisite for the managers and leaders to properly communicate the information related to the need for change in the organization in order to reduce the resistance to change among the employees of the organization (Dembo and Seli, 2004). There is also a need to provide information related to the benefits of the change to be brought in the organization. It is also necessary for the leaders to involve employees who are directly affected by the change in the decision making process as it facilitates in gaining information regarding the problems faced by them in the existing processes and procedures in the form of thoughts and opinions. It also helps in gaining information regarding the process through which the change can be implemented in the organization. Participation of the employees in the decision making process results in building trust among them regarding the capability of the organization to implement change in an effective manner (Fernandez and Rainey, 2006). It is also requisite for the managers to provide training to employees to upgrade and develop new and existing skills for the purpose of performing in a well manner after the change has been implemented in the organization. It is necessary for the leaders to establish a common communication platform through which employees can share their views and ideas with one another which helps in improving their performance and reducing their resistance level in the organization towards change to be brought in the organization (Lapointe and Rivard, 2005). Critically examine the key theoretical concepts of resistance considered in this subject and how they arelinked to the two key theoretical ontologies used in this subject. There are various theories associated with change management such as Kotters 8-step change model, Lewin three stage model. 8 step Kotters change model provides information related to implementation of the change in the organization in a successful manner. In the first step, there is a necessity to provide information related to need for change and convince employees to adapt to the change. In the next stage, there is a need to encourage a team to lead the change effort. After this, there is a requirement of creating a vision and strategies to implement the change effort in the organization. The next stage determines that it is the responsibility of the change agent to gather as many people as they can accept the vision and strategy formulated. There is a necessity to eliminate different obstacles that hinder the implementation of change in the organization and encourage employees to take risks and adopt non- traditional activities in the organization (Mento, Jones and Dirndorfer, 200 2). The next step is to establish short term objectives that can easily be visible and helps in recognizing the employees by the way of rewards. In the next stage, there is a necessity to use credible change management systems, policies and procedures that are not aligned to vision. In the next stage, it is essential for the change agent to incorporate the change into the business culture. The Kotters 8 step model is based on empowerment, communication and focus. There is a necessity to incorporate new approaches so that employees do not revert back to old practices. There is also a necessity to monitor and receive feedback regarding the change from the employees. It is linked to the theory underpinned by Maturana related to ontologies (By, 2005). The main focus of this theory is the observer who observes the activities carried out in the organization. It emphasizes on the language and communication of the information to the associated parties. In a similar manner, the change agent has to communicate the relevant information regarding the upcoming change in the organization. It is also necessary for the change agents to engage employees and consider their opinions, thoughts and views on the desired change in the organization. This facilitates in reducing the resistance to change of the employees. The other theory which is linked with the theoretical concept of change management is Albert Elliss Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. This theory entails that the different emotional and behavioral problems that are faced by the employees due to occurrence of the change should be mitigated (Proulx, 2008). The main reason behind it is that it poses a negative impact on the performance and productivity of the employees. There is a necessity for the change agent to listen to the problems faced by employees in the organization and provide practical solutions to their problems. This facilitates in building trust and loyalty among employees towards the organization and leaders. It also enhances the commitment level of the employees.In addition to this, it also focuses on the involvement of the employees in the implementation of the change in the organization so that the change can be implemented in a successful manner and results in increasing the productivity and performance of the employees in the organization (Park, et al. 2011). Critically examine the relationship between power and resistance, and the ethical issues that these raise in relation to the managerial and resistant positions. There is an existence of six sources of power namely physical power, position power, expert power, referent power, information power and reward power. Physical power is more frequently present in the organization. There are people in the organization that have highly vocal and physical intimidating that results in the occurrence of the resistance of people towards change. Power plays a significant role in the occurrence of resistance in the organization. The Position power as the name suggests refers to the power obtained due to the position of the employee in the organization. This power facilitates in controlling the actions of the people through different procedures, orders and rules. When employees perform well in the organization they receive rewards which is considered as a reward power (Lawrence, 2014). The referent power is the power that a person gets when he is being associated with another powerful person in the organization. This power helps in establishing clusters in a team. Expert power is the power that a person gains due to presence of immense expert knowledge in their service domain. This power is achieved by working for long time in the organization. Information power is the power that an individual attains by accessing to the information available in the organization. The behavior of individuals who resist change are influenced by the powers of change agents. Power has both positive and negative aspects related to change in the organization. When top level management implement change without considering the opinions of employees then it may result in resistance towards change. But if change agents uses power such as expert power then they communicate the information pertaining to change in the organization (Parker and Craig, 2008). This results in overcoming the resistance to change and its implementation in the organization in a successful manner. In the fire service, the change is implemented immediately for the purpose of responding to the outside force or demand. This results in the occurrence of resistance and resentment towards change as it is considered as a reactive change. Immediate implementation of the change in the organization without providing proper information to the affected members results in the occurrence of accidents and injuries due to the reason that training is not provided to employees. Besides this, stakeholders are not involved in the change process which also results in the failure of the implementation of the change in the organization (Have, et al. 2016). For example, there would be an occurrence of an accident when a driver backing up the motor vehicles into an object, the next day a new policy has been implemented in the organization that a driver would not back up their vehicle without the presence of a back up person who can guide a driver. This type of change is the result of the incident. Such type of ethical issues is faced in the managerial and resistant positions. In case of a proactive change, information from the stakeholders have been gathered related to the change. This helps in increasing the acceptance of people regarding the change to be implemented in the organization (Mills, et al. 2008). Critically discuss the implications of power and resistance for the role of the change agent in ethically managing change, in both the dialogical and problem-centric approaches to change management A change agent has a power to manage different change activities. The change agents have different positions in the organization such as manager, executive and leader of a particular team. Besides this, the person can be outsourced from outside regarded as outside consultants in order to implement the desired change in the organization. Change agents have the ability to building trust among the employees of the organization towards them (Dievernich, Tokarski and Gong, 2014). Outside consultants are paid heavily for the purpose of bringing innovative ideas in the business for the purpose of transforming the organization. Change agents facilitates in bringing change in the structure of the organization. It also brings change in the authority relations. In addition to this, change agents implement improved versions of tools and techniques. For this purpose change agents communicate information related to the change to be brought in the organization. For the purpose of overcoming resistance among the employees, change agents spread information regarding the benefits of the change to be brought in the organization (Harvey and Broyles, 2010). Change agents consider the views and opinions of the employees regarding the change to be brought in the organization. This facilitates in overcoming resistance among employees in the organization. For example in case of British Airways, the CEO of the company has provided the information regarding the changes to be brought in the organization and provide reasons for lay off employees in the organization. This has helped in reducing the resistance of employees in the organization towards change. Such leaders influence the actions of the employees . Besides this, companies have adopted new technologies to automate processes. In these companies, people resist to adopt the new system to carry out different business operations (Hayes, 2014). The main reason behind it is that they do not have the proper knowledge regarding the implications of the change. Thus, the change agent has to provide information related to the advantages of the adoption of the new technology. For example, the adoption of new information technology helps in reducing the time to be spending on performing a particular activity. Besides this, it also eliminates duplication of the information to be recorded. It also eliminates the use of paperwork. Hence, it facilitates in improving the performance and productivity of the employees in the organization. These are the reasons behind the ethical behavior of the change agents in overcoming the fresistance and power of employees gin the organization (Alvesson and Sveningsson, 2015). References Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S. 2015.Changing Organizational Culture: Cultural Change Work in Progress.Routledge. By, R.T. 2005. Organizational change management: A critical review. Journal of Change Management, 5(4), pp.369-380. Dembo, M.H. and Seli, H.P. 2004.Studentsresistance to change in learning strategies courses.Journal Developmental Education, 27(3), pp. 2-11. Dievernich, F.E.P. Tokarski, K.O. and Gong, J. 2014. Change Management and the Human Factor: Advances, Challenges and Contradictions in Organizational Development.Springer. Fernandez, S. and Rainey, H.G. 2006.Managing Successful Organizational Change in the Public Sector.Public Administration Review, pp.168-176. Ford, J.D., Ford, L.W. and DAmelio, A. 2008. Resistance to change: the rest of the story. Academy of management review, 33(2), pp.362-377. Harvey, T.R. and Broyles, E.A. 2010.Resistance to Change: A Guide to Harnessing Its Positive Power. RL Education. Have,S.T. et al. 2016. Reconsidering Change Management: Applying Evidence-Based Insights in Change Management Practice.Routledge. Hayes, J. 2014. The Theory and Practice of Change Management. Palgrave Macmillan. Lapointe, L. and Rivard, S. 2005. A multilevel model of resistance to information technology implementation.MIS Quarterly, 29(3), pp. 461-491. Lawrence, P. 2014. Leading Change: How Successful Leaders Approach Change Management.Kogan Page Publishers. Mento, A.J., Jones, R.M. and Dirndorfer, W. 2002. A change management process: Grounded in both theory and practice. Journal of Change Management, 3(1), pp. 45-59. Mills, J.H. et al. 2008.Understanding Organizational Change.Routledge. Park, S.E., et al. 2011. Informing adaptation responsesto climate change through theories of transformation.Global Environmental Change, pp. 1-12. Parker, D. and Craig, M.A. 2008.Managing Projects, Managing People.Macmillan Education AU. Proulx, J. 2008. Some differences between Maturana and Varelas Theory of Cognition and Constructivism.An International Journal of Complexity and Education, 5(1), pp.11-26.

The President free essay sample

A ; National Security Essay, Research Paper The President and National Security The President? s function in National Security has been a subject of digesting argument in U.S. political relations from the Constitutional Convention to our present twenty-four hours state of affairs in Kosovo. About every American President has had to fight with this issue and trade with the Constitution? s separation of power between Congress and the Executive. The President and Congress portion the war-making powers, treaty-making and foreign policy powers, and among many others, the power to topographic point desired functionaries into certain offices. These powers, though disliked by many, are shared so as to protect the people of this state with our grass roots system of cheques and balances. Most critics of shared powers focus on the countries of war-making and foreign policy. This struggle can be traced all the manner back to the battle between Hamilton and Madison. We will write a custom essay sample on The President or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After what was said to be a series of failed Presidencies ( Johnson, Nixon, Ford, and Carter ) , one group of? modern Hamiltonians? wanted to? increase the power of the President explicitly. ? They hope to make their ends lawfully through statute law and constitutional amendments. Another group of Hamiltonians emerged informally after the Presidency of Ronald Reagan and the? Irangate? contention. Group members asserted that, ? The President and the President entirely, should exert sole authorization in at least four critical countries: the power to travel to war ; the power to both novice and transport out foreign policy ; the power to appoint functionaries to the highest stations in the state with merely the pro forma advice and consent of the Senate. ? ( # 6, p.57 ) They besides wanted the Congress to merely be able to do minor alterations to the President? s domestic budget policy. Other advocators of these places are seeking a more unitary province similar to those of modern par liamentary democracies like Great Britain. Many are covetous of the British Prime Minister? s ability to travel to war without a declaration or a ballot of Parliament. I believe that these critics are burying the ardent points our sires made when composing the fundamental law. The last thing they wanted was the President of the United States to hold the same unitary powers as the King or Prime Minister. That is why they elaborately built the system of cheques and balances, to protect us against a subdivision of authorities with excessively much power. I have chosen a few built-in pieces of American history to exemplify how Presidents have responded in the yesteryear to state of affairss affecting national security and how they dealt with, or circumvented Congress on the issue. President George Washington set the case in point of Presidential response to domestic national security issues in the? Whiskey Rebellion? in 1795. Western Pennsylvanians refused to pay revenue enhancements on whisky and decided to revolt. Washington desired non the gore of his ain countrymen, but a peaceable decision to this rebellion. Not merely did Washington organize an ground forces, he led the ground forces himself, to do peace and quiet his people down. It was at this page in history that President Washington established the case in point to organize military personnels to convey domestic peace. Sixty-six old ages subsequently, President Abraham Lincoln was faced with a much graving tool job. States began to splinter from the Union, the South attacked Fort Sumter, and Lincoln had to contend back for the interest of national security and basically run the war entirely, besides suspending the Writ of Habeas Corpus. Lincoln? s enumerated powers during this war have been reveled a nd attempted by many recent Presidents, nevertheless people must recognize the context of his state of affairs and how it? s gravitation is uncomparable with any state of affairs since so. In the 1930? s there was a seeable growing in the office of the Presidency. In Franklin D. Roosevelt? s foremost inaugural reference in 1932, he asked for wartime powers to run into a peacetime crisis: I shall inquire the Congress for the one staying instrument to run into the crisis? wide executive power to pay a war against the exigency every bit great as the power that would be given me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign enemy. ( # 6, p.59 ) Congress backed his petition and from that minute on, faculty members and intellectuals have? denigrated the Congress and canonized the Presidency? ( # 6, p.58 ) . Presidents after FDR have followed suit taking to major events in the offices of Truman, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Reagan. ? [ Harry ] Truman both formalized and expanded the presidential term as an institution. ? ( # 3, p.301 ) He lead the epoch of the modern presidential term by larning some of import lessons which his replacements would hold to take into consideration in future traffics with Congress in affairs of military intercession. Truman seized steel Millss during the Korean War by trying to exert his prerogative power but was stopped by a Supreme Court determination and Congress go throughing the Taft-Hartley Act. Justice Robert S. Jackson? s agring Supreme Court sentiment set the phase for the Court to follow when weighing presidential powers against congressional action: When the President takes steps incompatible with the expressed or implied will of Congress, his power is at it? s lowest wane, for so he can trust merely upon his ain constitutional powers minus any constitutional powers of Congress in the affair. Courts can prolong sole Presidential control in such instance merely by disenabling the Congress from moving upon the topic. Presidential claim to a power at one time so conclusive and obviating must be scrutinized with cautiousness, for what is at interest is the equilibrium established by our constitutional system. ( 2 ) Most unforgettably, nevertheless, was when he, without a declaration of war or a supportive congressional declaration, sent military personnels to halt an attacker in Korea. This was a baronial attempt though he paid in a heartfelt way? in the coin of public and congressional unfavorable judgment, ? ( # 3, p.298 ) and the war was subsequently dubbed? Truman? s War? . President Truman besides institutionalized the presidential term when he helped to make the National Security Council in 1947 under the National Security Act. Later, the Council was placed in the Executive Office of the President. Originally, the NSC was? conceived by many legislators to be a cheque on the President? s liberty? ( # 3, p.302 ) in affairs of national security. However, Truman slightly usurped this impression by doing the staffs of the Council portion of the? president? s squad? . Since the Council? s? origin? under Truman, it? s map has been to rede and help the President on the issues of national security and foreign policies. The NSC besides serves as? the President? s rule arm for organizing these policies among assorted authorities agencies. ? ( 4 ) . In 1949, Truman added another member to his squad by doing the frailty president a statutory member O f the National Security Council. Besides, as a affair of class, frailty presidents receive full national security briefings. Truman knew this was an of import determination protecting national security because the state was at hazard when he came into office due to him being kept in the dark as the frailty president. The constitution of the NSC was merely one more effort to separate the separation of powers between the President and Congress and reenforce our authorities? s system of cheques and balances. Quite perchance the best illustration of the on-going argument over the exclusivity of the powers of the President and Congress can be seen in the contention environing the War Powers Resolution. During his presidential term, Richard Nixon instituted an even greater sum of centralisation in the White House than Truman, therefore increasing the sum of grey country in separating the separation of powers and the exclusivity of the power of the Executive. ? Nixon reasoned that as holder of the Executive power, a President can travel beyond his enumerated powers and take whatever stairss are necessary to continue the state? s security, even if his actions might be unconstitutional. ? ( # 6, p.124 ) It is clear that since the early mid-thirtiess, Congress has delegated much power to the president, deliberately or non. The War Powers Resolution was an act of Congress to seek to recover some of it? s lost powers. However, in 1973 Nixon vetoed the proviso and every President since has disregarded or blatantly ignored it. The War Powers Resolution was a joint declaration passed under article I, subdivision 3, the? notification clause, ? by both the House and the Senate and so sent to President Nixon where he vetoed the measure. It was a declaration and non an act because Congress passed it over his veto with a ace bulk ballot. Besides, it was a declaration because it non merely affected the Executive subdivision, but it besides? provided for congressional action and precedence processs with regard to a Presidential study or congressional concurrent declaration, and amended the regulations of the House and Senate to transport them out. ? ( # 6, p.62 ) This declaration is frequently misunderstood as taking power from the President and spread outing the power of Congress. This, in fact, is a false belief because the declaration clearly states that Nothing in this joint declaration ( 1 ) is intended to change the Constitutional authorization of the Congress or of the President, or the commissariats of bing pacts ; or ( 2 ) shall be construed as allowing any authorization to the President with regard to the debut of United provinces Armed Forces into belligerencies or into state of affairss wherein engagement in belligerencies is clearly indicated by the fortunes which authorization he would non hold had in the absence of this joint declaration. ( # 6, p.62, ) Under Section 3 of the War Powers Resolution, ? the President in every possible case shall confer with with Congress before presenting United States Armed Forces into belligerencies? . ? However, no President has of all time? consulted? Congress before presenting armed forces into belligerencies, they have merely? informed? . This means that if he has merely 30 proceedingss to react to a foreign missile menace he may exert his powers as Commander in Chief of the military to present armed forces into belligerencies without congressional action. This is in conformity with the declaration where he is given these powers in a? ? national exigency created by onslaught upon the United States, it? s districts or ownerships, or it? s armed forces. ? ( subdivision 2 ( degree Celsius ) ( 3 ) ) . He must merely describe to Congress in three fortunes found in subdivision 4 within 48 hours? Section 4 ( a ) . In the absence of a declaration of war, or in any instance in which United Armed Forces are introduced # 8212 ; ( 1 ) into belligerencies or into state of affairss where at hand engagement in belligerencies is clearly indicated by the fortunes ; ( 2 ) into the district, air space or Waterss of a foreign state, while equipped for combat, except for deployments which relate entirely to provide, replacing, fix, or preparation of such forces ; or ( 3 ) in Numberss which well enlarge United States Armed Forces equipped for combat already located in a foreign state. ( subdivision 4 ( a ) , War Powers Resolution ) These illustrations clearly show that the War Powers Resolution does non curtail the President? s given powers under the fundamental law, nor does it increase the powers of Congress. The declaration merely sets more distinguishable guidelines for each subdivision to follow. This is after all what has been needed all along, something to unclutter up the grey country between the powers of Congress and the Executive in affairs of national security. Pious criticized the Executive subdivision? s disclaimer of the War Powers Resolution as the most recent illustration of? presidents? playing a shell game, claiming to move harmonizing to jurisprudence yet distributing with statutory jurisprudence at their convenience in national security matters. ? ( 5 ) In concurrency with this statement, the President needs to take every attempt to hold the backup of Congress and the American people when directing the military into belligerencies so he doesn? Ts make the same error Truman did when he sent military personnels into Korea. ? He needs to hold Congress and the people with him on the takeoff so they are accountable with him on the forced landing. ? ( # 6, p.70 ) By the Executive taking these powers into his ain custodies he is bearing a duty that no 1 adult male can manage by himself. The statements against the War Powers Resolution favor a move to a unitary province, or a? plebiscitary Presidency? . If these shared powers were taken fr om Congress and changed to a unitary power entirely held by the President himself it would destruct the system of cheques and balances on which this state was founded. This could non be expressed more articulately than by the words of James Madison who warned in Federalist, No. 47, that? the accretion of all powers legislative, executive, and bench, in the same custodies, whether of one, a few, or many and whether familial, self-appointed, or elected, may rightly be pronounced the really definition of dictatorship. ? Beginnings: 1.Hamilton, Madison, et al. , The Federalist Papers ( New York: Penguin Books, 1961 ) 2.Ibid. , 343 U.S. 570 at 637 ; and Richard M. Pious, The American Presidency ( New York: Basic Books, 1979 ) , 64-69. 3.Milkis, Sydney M. A ; Nelson, The American Presidency: Beginnings and Development, 1776-1993 ( Washington DC: CQ Press, 1993 ) 4.National Security Council, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/NSC/html/nschome-plain.html 5.Pious, Prerogative Power and the Reagan Presidency, 510 n. 27 6.Shuman, Howard E. , A ; Thomas, The Constitution and National Security ( Washington DC, National Defense University Press, 1990 )

Irving Layton, Keine Lazarovitch Essays

Irving Layton, Keine Lazarovitch Essays Irving Layton, Keine Lazarovitch Essay Irving Layton, Keine Lazarovitch Essay Keine Lazarovitch was written by Irving Layton in 1961. He name the poem after his late mother. He wrote this poem as a tribute to his mother death,which died at the age of 89. The poem is about his grief about her mother death and how much he admire and love her . Throughout the poem we can see clearly the theme of the poem,how the usage of poetic form and imagery effect the reader. The speaker use his late mother name as the tittle of the poem. He is not using the poem to tell us that he hate his late mother, but he write the poem to show how much he care about her mother and how her mother influence his writing. stanza 4 we can see how much he admire her mother dignity, by sayaig that he will may never find someone who have such dignity like her mom. The central theme of this poem is grief for the loss of loves one. We know how much he love his mother. The events that describe in the poem is not only the mourn of his mother but also how much he loves and ad mire his mother. Furthermore,the central theme of the poem is grief. He wrote this poem couple of years after his mother death as a remembercance of her death and to honour her. Irving Layton use anaylsis of poetic form to emphesize his idea about her mother and er death. First of all the mood of the speaker was lonely and dpressing because he still mourning her mother death. Also from the tone that the speaker use we can see that he is deeply afected by her mother death. Another thing that emphesize her grief for her mother is the diction in the poem,by choosing certain words to emphesize his idea. lrving layton choose to use word cold instead of chill which indicating death. Another word that he choose to empheze his idea is hollow instead of hole and curse instead of spell. Hollow indicating his loss and grief of her mother and urse is indicating death. Furthermore, Irving use the 4 line stanza form,which have a-b-a-b, c-c-c-d, or c-c-b-d rhyme. Irving layton choose this form stanza and rhyme is not only to get reader attention on the key word which describing her mother, that can be found almost in every stanza but also to maintain the tension and flow between the poem. He also use a lot of imagery and some methaphors to emphesize the picture of her mother. Through the poem reader can imagine whats her mother was like when she was alife,because he describe it clearly through use of imagery and methaphors. stanza 4 the speaker descirbe her mother as mean and unaccommodating. Also Irving Layton use the image of her mothers cheeks hollow and gaping mouth as the sign of defiant attitude toward life. Keine Lazarovitch confront growing old and death with the same attitude and face as she did throught the life. lrving also use the image of her mother who loved god and curse his creature as a religious woman who despite or hate other peopl e. lrving use the image of her mother who is comfortless and vituperative as the sign of her who never provide comfort to other nd never receive comfort from other. The image of her mother who endlessly praised ner black eyebrows indicating now sne like to compliment and love herself. ln the poem Irving describe her mother used to toss of her gold earings which means that she was a woman of beauty but also anger. The last imagery that Irving use to desrcibe her mother is her mothers carnal assertion as the sign of sexuality. The poem most use water as a methaphors such as sea,rivers,waterfalling hair,which symbolize source of life. The water falling hair metahphorly wash her mother hard personality. Also the rivers of her red veins move into the sea is a methaphor for life leaving her body. In conlusion, Irving Layton have been successfully emphesize his idea about her mother through the usage of poetic form. Also, Irving Layton is not only have been successfully emphesize his idea, but also he have been successfully creating the image of her mother in reader head. Through the poem we also can see how much Irving Layton admire his mother dignity and how much he love her . He wrote the poem about her mother and name it after her because he wish to keep his mothers dignity to last forever.

Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

2 - Assignment Example Professional ethics for a sales person means honesty and integrity and is a stepping stone towards success but there are certain issues and dilemmas surrounding it (Thesis) In Today’s competitive world, the customer attention is not an easy attainable aspect. Sales people being highly interactive with public need to maintain their identity . People have a notion that sales persons lie mostly and distort facts and figures to get more sales. So this is a professional feed which need utmost truthfulness and ethical conduct. However, a complete honest approach is not suggested as every business has its secrets and sales tactics. Nevertheless, the conducts need to keep in consideration that the interests of customer and employer are not violated. Sales persons need to protect the trust of all parties concerned with business. As per (Dave) â€Å"The ethical salesperson will correct the customer and lose the immediate gain that the sale would have brought. The payoff, however, is the long-term gain in your reputation for integrity†. However, the current business world has issues and dilemmas regarding professional ethics. Professional ethics is the rules governing conduct, relationship and transaction in an organization. The ethics of a professional gains the confidence and reputation of employer, colleagues and public. According to (Reeder 108-110)â€Å" Professional ethics concerns ‘those norms, values, and principles that should govern the professional conduct†. Professional ethics is the set personal, organizational and corporate behavior standards expected from professionals. In sales profession, employees have a responsibility towards their client to deliver safe choices regarding products and services. They need to inform and treat the customer with utmost respect, dignity and honor. The sales professional should not manipulate facts for getting

Revenue management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Revenue management - Assignment Example Therefore, by 2020, it is projected that there will be a shift in landscape in RM. To ensure the success of RM strategies, the revenue managers in the hospitality industry need to be convinced of the ability to deliver return on investment and made aware of the resources needed to maximize potential. The hotels should also make sure that their organizational structure supports the RM policy. Besides, there needs to be a cultural understanding which major department like sales, marketing, and revenue work together to share information crucial to revenue management success. Furthermore, it is forecasted that the application of RM will become more strategic and will be supported by the increasingly sophisticated technology. This is because it includes more of income streams of the hotel. In this regard, by 2020, revenue management is likely to be applied to function-space and also incorporate revenue streams including restaurants and spas, as well as golf courses. Consequently, the RM function will become more central to operations of the hotel, and will quite to be expected be a separate department under supervision of the general manager. The core, strategic role of revenue management will need upgraded measurement techniques (Hayes and Miller 55-68). This implies that other than revenue per available room (RevPAR), the future RM might have a profit-oriented metric, for instance, total revenue per available room or the gross operating profit per available room (GOPPAR). As for the future revenue managers, they will require analytical, leadership, and communication skills. A formal RM education as well as negotiation skills would also be helpful. According to (Nessler 86), the managers would also use tools or internal compression which will aid them establish the unconstrained demand and close out close non-profitable channels. Since RM will move from tactical to a more strategic role, analytics along with supporting technology will play a crucial role in

Paper 1 about Chinese media industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Paper 1 about Chinese media industry - Essay Example As markets in Western and Eastern economies opened up, various countries in Asia, including Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong took advantage of expanding export markets to strengthen their economies. It was in this context that the Chinese state Under Deng Xiaoping decided to institute market reforms, specifically to make their socialist policies more competitive in an increasingly global economy (Harvey, 2005). Neo-liberal influences were mostly driven by economic stagnation and unemployment in Western countries, which necessitated a new system that diverged from the state interventionist policies introduced under the American New Deal of the 1930s. Under the neo-liberal theories that came to dominate global economics thinking in the 70s and 80s, state intervention in markets was greatly discouraged with the expectations that self-regulating markets were the best way to tackle economic stagnation (Selden, 1993). It was within this context of a neo-liberal revolution in Western economies that Chinese market and media reforms began. Increasingly, China’s integration with the global economy, which was based on neo-liberal theories, supported by free market Western economies, necessitated reforms in the allocation market economy supported by China under the previous Mao regime. When China finally opened up its markets to the global economy, there was a dramatic inflow of FDI and the sta te began to openly support moves towards market freedom (Selden, 1993). This meant that China started to experience similar effects to its economy as the neo-liberalized global economy, which increased the capitalization of China’s elites in comparison to its ordinary citizens (Zhao, 1998). The historical context within which media and market reforms took place in China mainly had to do with the Communism vs. Capitalism debate, which characterized relations between Western economies and Eastern economies. Media reforms also took place within this

Importance of Play in Children Development

Importance of Play in Children Development Play is special. Not only is it fun, but it is very important to childrens development. Play is one of the most important means by which children learn. Through natural activity they create roles that imitate adult behavior. Children think, create, imagine, communicate, make choices, solve problems, take risks, build physical skills and take on a variety of roles as they interact socially. Play is essentially motivating and offers children the freedom to explore an activity tolerant by adult parameters of measured outcomes, testing and accountability. Play supports learning, promotes language and social development and enhances creativity in children and adults. Children who learn healthy play skills feel capable, have successes, make friends and learn non-violent ways to interact with others. Children learn more efficiently and effectively through play than one can imagine. The beauty of this learning and growing time is that the motivation for a young child to do it is already ther e-its enjoyable. The Development of Play The surreptitious to helping young children succeed, is to keep the spirit of creativity and of playful learning alive and active. Childrens learning is a mixture of their own deep inner force to grow and learn attached with their imitation of the adults in their environment. An important milestone in play, the capacity for make-believe play also known as fantasy play occurs at around two and a half or three years of age. Before that, children are more oriented to the real world: their own bodies, simple household objects like pots, pans, and wooden spoons, and simple toys like dolls, trucks, and balls. Toddlers imitate what they see around them; common play themes include cooking, caring for baby, driving cars or trucks, and other everyday events. These themes continue and develop after age three, but now children are less dependent on real objects and create what they need from anything that is at hand. Their ability to enter into make-believe allows them to transform a simple object into a play prop. The three-year-old becomes so engaged in make-believe play that objects seem to be in a regular state of transformation. No play episode is ever finished; it is always in the process of becoming something else. The playful three-year-old often leaves a trail of objects as her play evolves from one theme to the next. In contrast, four-year-olds are generally more stationary and thematic in their play. They like to have a house to play in, which might also be a ship or a shop, and many enter the pack-rat stage where they fill their houses with objects so that it seems they cannot freely move around. This does not bother them at all, however. Like three-year olds, they are inspired in the moment by the objects before them. They are quite spontaneous in their ideas for play. The fantasy play of the five-year old is characterized by the ability to have an idea and then play it out rather than being encouraged in the moment by the object at hand as is the case with three and four year olds. Often, five-year olds will say what they want to play as they enter the kindergarten. There is one more important aspect to the development of make-believe plays that usually does not occur until children are six years old. At this age they will often play out a situation without the use of props. They may build a house but leave it unfurnished, then sit inside it and talk through their play, for now they are able to see the images clearly in their minds eyes. This stage can be described as imaginative play, for the children now have the capacity to form a well expressed inner image. In all of these stages of dramatic play children may play alone or with others. However, the way children engage in social play with others changes over the years. The one year old tends to play alone, while social play of two year-olds is generally called parallel play for young children play side by side without fully interacting with each other. The children enjoy playing with each other, but generally they are not deeply invested in each other. They enjoy playing together when they are in nursery school, but tend to forget about each other when they are apart. The social play of five and six year olds is different. The doors to deeper social relationships are opening for them. They form friendships and talk about their friends at home. They think about their friends when they are apart. They may want to call them on the phone or visit in their homes. Rationale for Play Informal play settings allow children to practice language skills involving vocabulary, syntax and grammar. English language learners particularly benefit from language interactions during play. These language skills later assist with reading, writing and math development. All the processes involved in plays such as repeating actions, making connections, extending skills, combining materials and taking risks provide the essential electrical impulses to help make connections and interconnections between neural networks, thus extending childrens capabilities as learners, thinkers and communicators. Physical: Play is an integral part of the growth of a healthy child. lt fosters opportunities to develop large and small motor skills as well as coordination, balance and muscle tone. Active Movement provides an outlet for children to release energy and challenges their developing physical bodies. The ancient Greeks recognised the value of play in the developmental and growth period of childhood. Experts in todays world of education also believe that play is essential. Social: Educators know children learn best in situations that are non-threatening, flexible and fun. Self-selected play joins children of like interests in situations where they can engage in self-directed conversations. Creating opportunities for play can lower stress and help prevent violence by offering safe and acceptable situations for interaction. In the early childhood classroom most students engage in age-appropriate conversation with their peers. Shared interests encourage them to pay attention to others, ask questions, offer help, make suggestions and provide feedback. Intellectual: Children benefit greatly when they are occupied in interactive play and are free to share their k knowledge with other children. Curriculum is more effective when presented with materials that are open-ended can be easily manipulated. Through spontaneous and creative play with a minimum of teacher intervention children are free to grow and manifest their understanding of concepts. Emotional During play children are able to control situations that are not theirs in the real world. By exploring possibilities in play situations, children display confidence and competence as they plan and make decisions. Play provides a place where children can act out feelings about difficult emotional events they may face. Vygotsky believed that children involved in imaginative play will renounce what they want, and willingly subordinate themselves to rules in order to gain the pleasure of the play. He argues that in play they exercise their greatest self-control. ln a Vygotskian model, if we accept the distinction between play as such and play in schools we can see that in order for play to be valued it needs to be located securely within the curriculum structure and organizational framework. Clarifying the role of adults in this process is, therefore, essential. Stages of Play Play is spontaneous, observables, solitary or parallel, associative, symbolic and cooperative. Positive unrestricted play can be a joyous activity that reaps many rewards. Children generally play by building on their previous experiences. They may engage in any of the different types of play at any time. When children are in a healthy environment, they progress through each stage at their own level of development. . Unoccupied Play. Children learn by observing others without interaction. . Onlookers. Children focus intently on watching others play. They may engage in conversation but do not otherwise participate. . Solitary or independent play. Children play by themselves with no interest in what others are doing even if they are physically close. . Parallel play. Children play alongside others with similar objects such as blocks; however, they do not play with each other but side by side separately. . Associative play. Children engage in the same play activity without an organised goal. They may share blocks or tools but do not build the same structure. . Cooperative Play. Children are organised, have a specific goal and have a sense of belonging to a group. It is the beginning of teamwork and doing projects where they work or play together Conclusion As play disappears from the background of childhood, we need to recognise that its downfall will have a lasting impact. Decades of persuasive research have shown that without play, childrens physical, social, emotional, and intellectual development is compromised. They will develop without much imagination and creativity. Their capacity for communication will be reduced and their affinity towards aggressiveness and violence will increase. In short, human nature as we have known it will be deeply changed, increasing many of the problems that are already afflicting children and society. If we do not invest in play, we will find ourselves investing much more in prisons and hospitals, as the incidence of physical, and mental illness, as well as aggressive and violent behavior increases.

The mozart effect Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Mozart Effect Does classical music really help you study better? Many recent research studies show that music idoes in fact improve cognitive thinking. In 1993, researchers at the University of California at Irvine discovered the so-called Mozart Effect - that college students â€Å"who listened to ten minutes of Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D major K448 before taking an IQ test scored nine points higher† than when they had sat in silence or listened to relaxation tapes. Other studies have also indicated that it doesn’t matter the artist; people retain information better if they hear classical or baroque music while studying. The most easily influenced stage of human life is early childhood, therefore it is encouraged that children listen to classical music. The researchers at Irvine recently found that preschoolers who had received eight months of music lessons scored â€Å"eighty percent higher on object-assembly tasks† than did other children who received no musical training. It was concluded that students who listened to music had high a greater ability to think abstractly and to visualize. These tasks are necessary to understand difficult theorems and equations in math and engineering. German scientists discovered an amazing difference in musicians who have the ability to recognize notes by ear and who began studying music before the age of seven. The plenum temporal, which is the area on the brain's left side that processes sound signals, mostly language, is three times the average size. The age of the musician matters because the brain generally stops growing after age 10. Besides being beneficial for young children, music is useful to many adolescents, especially to those with learning problems. Exposing music constantly to children with severe learning deficiencies has been known to show positive results. A study was done by the researchers at Irvine on a seven-year-old girl with an autistic condition, which caused her to use gestures and occasional words instead of full sentences. The young girl's speaking ability â€Å"improved remarkably† after she had lessons in a class that combined sounds from a piano with dialect. College students can also benefit from classical music. To test this, college students were exposed to three different types of music and were given standard reasoning tests, each for ten minutes. The research showed that the scores ... ...one energy to work out; listening to a soft, relaxing song might put a person to sleep; and listening to Mozart may enhance â€Å"spatial reasoning† and memory in the brain. Whatever the situation may be, music seems to have a benefiting effect.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography 1. Campbell, Don. The Mozart Effect: Tapping the Power of Music. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.: 2001 2. Carroll, Robert Todd. The Mozart Effect available from http://skepdic.com/mozart.html; Internet, accessed April 29, 2004 3. Church, Ellen Booth. Learning Through Play: Music and Movement. New York: Scholastic Inc.: 1992 4. Eliot, Lise. What’s Going on in There?: How the Brain and Mind Develop in the First Five Years of Life. New York: Bantam Books: 2002 5. Machlis, Joseph and Kristine Forney. The Enjoyment of Music. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.: 2003 6. Ortiz, John M. Nurturing Your Child with Music: How Sound Awareness Creates Happy, Smart, and Confident Children. Oregon: Beyond Words Publishing: 1999 7. Ortiz, John M. Nurturing Your Child with Music: How Sound Awareness Creates Happy, Smart, and Confident Children. Oregon: Beyond Words Publishing 1999

Hi-Ho, YO-Yo, Inc. Essay

Hi-Ho, Yo- Yo Incorporation is an institute that makes special logos for yoyos. Now, they are starting to face a problem with increasing orders and the company wants to meet their order process deadlines. The orders were made on June but they will only begin on July due to the make-up day for flooding. Therefore, Mr. Jeff wants to know what is the scheduling for the following orders to meet the limitations. Different types of rule will be evaluated in order to decide the best technique of inventory scheduling. The four different rules to evaluate are: First come First Serve (FCFS), Shortest Processing Time (SPT), Earliest Due Date (DD), and Critical Ratio (CR) methods. Statement of the problem Sequencing is worried with determining the order in which jobs are administered. The orders also needs to be determined for handling jobs at work center and for work handled at each person’s work stations. The condition can become difficult when workers centers are heavily overloaded and long-lasting jobs are involved. However, in this case study, the main problem is to report how to meet the limitation such as delays, due dates, and to pleasing the customers so the orders will increase. The corporation experienced a delay because of the make-up day for flooding in the month of June so the production date of the order will move to July. So in the month of July, it is indicated in the given case that there are three Saturdays (July 9th, 16th, and 23rd) and the labors will continue to work. Also they will have one holiday on July 4th apart from the weekends. From the time allowed how will the operation manger choose the best scheduling from the given methods (First Come, First S erve (FCFS), Shortest Processing Time (SPT), Earliest Due Date (EDD), and Critical Ratio (CR) methods. Objectives Job sequence is a significant task to decide, because it goes both ways either going to slow down the production method or speed it up. An operations manager must conclude the best technique established for the need of the institute, in this situation the company needs to finish all jobs before their due dates. Also, job processing time and due dates are very vital sections of material when applying these rules. Job sequencing  guidelines are used to decide the importance of processing jobs. It is applied to solve the scheduling problems that usually lead to ineffective performance. The main problem in this case study is to find the best rule to be followed in order to solve the present problem. Some of the categories that need to be met are: Defining the order in which jobs at a work center will be administered. Sequencing decision to be made in order to meet all the due dates and satisfy the needs of the clients. Educate the staff in order to give then understanding about choosin g the best schedule to be made. Meeting due dates of customers or downstream operations. Minimalizing the flow time (the time a job spends in the process. Try to reduce work-in-process inventory. Try to Decrease idle time of machines or workers. Areas of consideration and analysis Scheduling will help to create both the timing and use of resources within an organization. In the operation function, scheduling relates to the use of tools, facilities, human activities of scheduling, and receipt of material. In this event, there are facts given that will help in order to make a conclusion of what technique to use. â€Å"I’ve been talking with Anne about a problem we have with short-term capacity in our pad printing operations. You know, that’s where we print our logo on the Custom lines of yo-yos. We have received more orders to pad printing in a way that will enable us to meet out due date commitments in the best way possible. Would you have time to look on the order list (attached) and see what kind of schedule we should follow to do that?† In the paragraph above it is clearly identified the problem of the Hi-Ho, Yo-Yo Incorporation. So the issues is that orders are going up and they need to find a way to meet the due dates. â€Å"After a few minutes with your old operations management text, you call the production control office to confirm the pad printing schedule. They confirm that pad printing runs one eight-hour shift per day. They tell you that due to a make-up day for flooding in June, pad printing will be running 23 days in July, beginning Friday, July 1 (they will work three Saturdays on July 9, 16, and 23, and take a one-day holiday for July 4)†. Furthermore, the information was given by the production call office in demand to make a proposal and find a solution for the issues. In  the month of July the company needs to meet the demand within twenty-three days and only short amount of time available. There will be three Saturday that they will work and they will eight hours each days. â€Å"Note: Setup time is to set up the pad printer at the start of the job. Setup includes thoroughly cleaning the printing heads and ink reservoirs, installing the new pad(s) and ink supply, and carefully aligning the machine. Setup at the beginning of a new day with the same job is insignificant.† However, the setup time is recorded and the fact about it is given so it will add to the processing time. Different course of action Priority rules are simple heuristics used to select the order in which jobs will be processed. Therefore, in this case study there is four rules given to be examining in order to decide the existing problem. 1. First Come first Serve (FCFS) – jobs are processed in the order in which they arrive at a machine or work center. If the company decides to use this method of delivery to the clients, then assured to release the order in the sequence of date. 2. Shortest processing Time (SPT) – jobs are processed according to processing time at a machine or work center, shortest job first. This machine is only useful in single machine method. 3. Earliest Due Date (DD) – jobs are processed according to due dates, earliest due date first. 4. Critical Ratio (CR) – jobs are processed according to smallest ratio of time remaining until due date to processing time remaining. The critical ratio gives importance to jobs that must be done to keep shipping on schedule. The  critical ratio is quantity of determination of any order associated to the other orders for the same facility. The ratio is created on when the finished order is necessary and how much time is necessary to complete. It inclines to achieve better than FCFS, EDD, and SPT on the average job lateness criterion. All these rules assume that setup time and costs are independent of the processing sequence. Jobs that need similar setups can decrease setup times if sequenced back to back. Also, the priority rules assume that setup time and handling times are deterministic and not variable, there will be no breaks in processing, the set of jobs is known, no new jobs arrive after processing begins, and no jobs are cancelled. After comparing the four methods, SPT is suggested to be used by the organization because it will reduce average flow time for jobs. Meanwhile, there are restrictions like the company has to meet all the order within twenty-three days while working eight hours per day. By using this technique the workers will finish all the orders at the shortest period of time. Then, the flow time is calculated for every part of the job, using the processing time, which helps in getting whole time for the achievement of work. In the First Come First Serve it cannot be applied due to the rule, which is jobs are handled in the order in which they reach. The orders must be completed in a shortest period of time and when the order arrived they did not started the production on June (arrival of orders) due to a problem. They will start on July and this will not follow the rule. Then, the Earliest Due Date (EDD) places the maximum importance on processing jobs with this rule. The job shop quality act can be control by the number of late jobs, the average delay across late jobs or the normal lateness across all jobs. This might work fine if the organization is judged by job lateness. Again if the firm uses this method, the process will follow a track created on due dates of the orders and it may not meet the time limitation given. Finally the critical ratio (CR), in this rule an individual must compute a priority index using the formula and it is commonly used in practice. In this rule, the sequencing of the jobs is done first by receiving the critical ratio of each job then selects the lowest among them. Next it is repeated removing the job with the last CR point till one work is left. By selecting, Shortest Processing time (SPT) the job with this rule will required go first. This rule has a tendency to decrease  work-in-process inventory, average through put time, and average job lateness. Therefore, this is the best appropriate rule to be used in orde r to meet the restrictions. Detailed action plan A report about the selecting the Short Processing Time technique should be made and it will be used for production. It should be in detailed information therefore the schedule will be followed. Other points to implement: support demand and supply, increase flexibility and decrease reaction/lead times at key points in the supply chain, allow lean actions: decrease inventories and costs while meeting supply commitments. Cost discount can be accomplished by a schedule that reflects all rules and limitations. Disregarding a rule/limitation commonly results in better cost due to reduced productivity, higher inventory, increased offline work, overtime. Customer Relationship Management, dealer Order Management, material planning, scheduling of feeder lines, and vendor supply chain management. FCFS Sequencing It is evidently shown that what method to be used in the table shown. Based on the average tardiness column, it is shown that SPT received the lowest point followed by EDD. Also the method that achieved better average tardiness is under FCFS and CR method. Shortest processing time is commonly the best method for reducing job flow and reducing the average number of jobs in the organization. Its main drawback is that long-duration jobs may be constantly lacking back in priority in favor of short-duration jobs. Clients may view this clearly, and a periodic change for longer jobs has been made.

The Meaning of the Surname Fuchs

The Meaning of the Surname Fuchs The Fuchs surname means fox, from the Middle High German vuhs, meaning fox. Sometimes used to describe someone with red hair, or someone considered crafty or clever - characteristics attributed to the fox. The name first came into use in the German state of Bavaria. Fox is the English version of this surname. Fuchs is the 42nd most common German surname. Surname Origin:  GermanAlternate Surname Spellings:  FUHS, FUX, FOX Famous People with the Fuchs Surname Bernard Fuchs  - French pilot and WWII heroEduard Fuchs  - Marxist cultural scientistEmil Fuchs -  Ã‚  German theologianErich Fuchs  - English physiologistPeter Paul Fuchs - Austrian-born conductor and composerVivian Fuchs - British geologist and polar explorer Where the Fuchs Surname Is Most Common According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Fuchs surname is most common in Austria, where it ranks as the 11th most common last name in the country. It is also very common in Germany (36th), Switzerland (39th) and  Liechtenstein (72nd). WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates that Fuchs is most widespread in eastern Switzerland, in the Zentralschweiz region, and throughout much of Austria, especially in the Graz and Landeck regions. Surname maps from Verwandt.de indicate the  Fuchs last name is most common in southern Germany, especially in the counties or cities of Munich, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Ostalbkreis, Cologne, Passau, Muremberg, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, and Karlsruhe. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Fuchs Meanings of Common German Surnames: Uncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames.Fuchs  Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Fuchs  family crest or coat of arms for the Fuchs surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.Fox Y-DNA Surname Project: Individuals with the Fox  surname, and variations such as Fuchs, are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Fox family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate.FUCHS  Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on descendants of Fuchs ancestors around the world. Search or browse the archives for posts ab out your Fuchs ancestors, or join the group and post your own Fuchs query. FamilySearch - FUCHS  Genealogy: Explore over 630,000 results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Fuchs surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.FUCHS  Surname Mailing List: Free mailing list for researchers of the Fuchs surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages.DistantCousin.com - FUCHS Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Fuchs.GeneaNet - Fuchs  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Fuchs  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Fuchs Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Fuchs surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. https://www.thoughtco.com/surname-meanings-and-origins-s2-1422408

gov involvement in transportation essays

gov involvement in transportation essays Subject: government involvement in transportation I have found in my experience working with The Pennsylvania Department Of Transportation (PennDOT) that the government needs to be involved in the construction of roads. PennDOT ensures that the roads are built and maintained to a certain quality. Imagine tying to coordinate a 50 to 75 jobs a year throughout a five county area using millions or billions of dollars. They find the lowest bidders and make certain the work is done to specification. I believe that the government does the best job possible at this type and size of work. I think that if all of the money were put into private hands we would not receive the same results. A lot of people would probably tell you different if you surveyed them while they were sitting in traffic. It has only been after working with PennDOT that I can appreciate what they do for the state and local roads. Sure I know they make mistakes a lot but who is mistake free, I sure am not. ...

Fundementals of computers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fundementals of computers - Essay Example The very aspect to frame the problem domain into effective planning is the key element one learns for fetching the large project scenario. The critical aspects of planning and designing the definite and thoughtful steps would make sure to widen ones thinking skills to bring an ability to predict an event before it actually occurs. The decision making abilities are promoted to a large extent as one needs to make crucial decisions with regard to the right methodology to solve a problem with an algorithm and reduce complexity at every cost. The knowledge would facilitate even further in understanding the computer science subject as a whole to design the various mechanisms to handle the computers activity domain and its intelligence in handling the various resources required. The knowledge of operating systems would help one to understand the various dependencies of the programs and the amount of integration achieved by computer science. It also helps one to learn the various platform issues the computer hardware and software requires binding itself for the running of application programs. The knowledge of operating systems helps one to understand the difference between the large programs and ancillary programs of a computer system. The large programs accommodate the working of aligned programs and one gets to visualize and grasp knowledge of the successful aggregation of such programs for achieving the objective. The knowledge of ancillary programs would make sure that the various integrations of the programs are handled well. The focus is on high penetration of thought process in framing better problem domain and solving abilities. The database systems are a branch of computer science that facilitates the knowledge to transform the storage of raw data into a retrieval format. It transforms ones knowledge to learn the use of data, to understand the various data structures involved, to measure up the definitions of

Mentoring programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Mentoring programs - Research Paper Example This particular kind of social work intervention is followed with similar programs all over the world. Both individuals and organizations involved in monitoring are supported with such organizations as MENTOR/National Mentoring Partnership and the National Mentoring Center. Furthermore, numerous corporations sponsor large-scale monitoring initiatives, which involve their employees. Mentoring programs are also supported by the government; in 2003 alone President George W. Bush donated half a billion dollars for two new mentoring initiatives (DuBois and Karcher, 2005). Recently, mentoring has been approved as a serious approach to rehabilitate criminal offenders and reduce rates of recidivism. Mentoring has appeared in several legislation documents, from the Reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of 1992 to the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Block Grant of 2005-2006 (Walker, 2007). In the reauthorization of the original document, the Congress added a part G, in which mentoring was described as a useful tool for addressing juvenile delinquency. Since 1995, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) has administered its own federal program, the Juvenile Mentoring Program (JUMP), designed to reduce juvenile delinquency, gang participation and school dropout rates. However, while the field of youth mentoring experiences enormous growth in terms of practice, it still lacks theoretical foundations and research, crucial for further growth and development (DuBois and Karcher, 2005). It was not until recent years that youth mentoring has gained interest from psychologists, sociologists, educators, human development specialists and social workers. While the multidisciplinary character of youth mentoring may be beneficial for the field's knowledge base, it also poses a significant challenge for both researchers and practitioners. Due to the disciplinary boundaries which limit researchers' regular exposure to their colleagues work, it may result difficult to identify opportunities for synergy within and across different areas for inquiry. Consequently, in many cases they can go undetected and unexplored (DuBois and Karcher, 2005). In terms of practice, the difficulty in acquiring "one-stop shopping" for definitive accounts and its implications may res ult in a compromised capacity for intervention and policy efforts to benefit from available theory and research.Given all these concerns, it is crucial for scholars to provide the fast-expanding and progressing practice of youth mentoring with both theoretical foundations and research base. Furthermore, in the light of a recent increase in juvenile violence and high recidivism rates, it is essential to design appropriate measures of prevention, treatment and control of crime (Cord, Widom and Crowell, 2001). The FBI data reveal that in 2001 juveniles comprised 17% of all arrests and 15% of those that involved violent crime. In many cases criminal activity in adolescence leads to such consequences in adult life as homelessness, substance abuse, and mental illness. Moreover, each juvenile offender that becomes a recidivist costs society approximately $1.7 to $ 2.3 million, not to mention great economic, medical, physical and psychological consequences for