Importance of Play in Children Development

Importance of Play in Children Development Play is special. Not only is it fun, but it is very important to childrens development. Play is one of the most important means by which children learn. Through natural activity they create roles that imitate adult behavior. Children think, create, imagine, communicate, make choices, solve problems, take risks, build physical skills and take on a variety of roles as they interact socially. Play is essentially motivating and offers children the freedom to explore an activity tolerant by adult parameters of measured outcomes, testing and accountability. Play supports learning, promotes language and social development and enhances creativity in children and adults. Children who learn healthy play skills feel capable, have successes, make friends and learn non-violent ways to interact with others. Children learn more efficiently and effectively through play than one can imagine. The beauty of this learning and growing time is that the motivation for a young child to do it is already ther e-its enjoyable. The Development of Play The surreptitious to helping young children succeed, is to keep the spirit of creativity and of playful learning alive and active. Childrens learning is a mixture of their own deep inner force to grow and learn attached with their imitation of the adults in their environment. An important milestone in play, the capacity for make-believe play also known as fantasy play occurs at around two and a half or three years of age. Before that, children are more oriented to the real world: their own bodies, simple household objects like pots, pans, and wooden spoons, and simple toys like dolls, trucks, and balls. Toddlers imitate what they see around them; common play themes include cooking, caring for baby, driving cars or trucks, and other everyday events. These themes continue and develop after age three, but now children are less dependent on real objects and create what they need from anything that is at hand. Their ability to enter into make-believe allows them to transform a simple object into a play prop. The three-year-old becomes so engaged in make-believe play that objects seem to be in a regular state of transformation. No play episode is ever finished; it is always in the process of becoming something else. The playful three-year-old often leaves a trail of objects as her play evolves from one theme to the next. In contrast, four-year-olds are generally more stationary and thematic in their play. They like to have a house to play in, which might also be a ship or a shop, and many enter the pack-rat stage where they fill their houses with objects so that it seems they cannot freely move around. This does not bother them at all, however. Like three-year olds, they are inspired in the moment by the objects before them. They are quite spontaneous in their ideas for play. The fantasy play of the five-year old is characterized by the ability to have an idea and then play it out rather than being encouraged in the moment by the object at hand as is the case with three and four year olds. Often, five-year olds will say what they want to play as they enter the kindergarten. There is one more important aspect to the development of make-believe plays that usually does not occur until children are six years old. At this age they will often play out a situation without the use of props. They may build a house but leave it unfurnished, then sit inside it and talk through their play, for now they are able to see the images clearly in their minds eyes. This stage can be described as imaginative play, for the children now have the capacity to form a well expressed inner image. In all of these stages of dramatic play children may play alone or with others. However, the way children engage in social play with others changes over the years. The one year old tends to play alone, while social play of two year-olds is generally called parallel play for young children play side by side without fully interacting with each other. The children enjoy playing with each other, but generally they are not deeply invested in each other. They enjoy playing together when they are in nursery school, but tend to forget about each other when they are apart. The social play of five and six year olds is different. The doors to deeper social relationships are opening for them. They form friendships and talk about their friends at home. They think about their friends when they are apart. They may want to call them on the phone or visit in their homes. Rationale for Play Informal play settings allow children to practice language skills involving vocabulary, syntax and grammar. English language learners particularly benefit from language interactions during play. These language skills later assist with reading, writing and math development. All the processes involved in plays such as repeating actions, making connections, extending skills, combining materials and taking risks provide the essential electrical impulses to help make connections and interconnections between neural networks, thus extending childrens capabilities as learners, thinkers and communicators. Physical: Play is an integral part of the growth of a healthy child. lt fosters opportunities to develop large and small motor skills as well as coordination, balance and muscle tone. Active Movement provides an outlet for children to release energy and challenges their developing physical bodies. The ancient Greeks recognised the value of play in the developmental and growth period of childhood. Experts in todays world of education also believe that play is essential. Social: Educators know children learn best in situations that are non-threatening, flexible and fun. Self-selected play joins children of like interests in situations where they can engage in self-directed conversations. Creating opportunities for play can lower stress and help prevent violence by offering safe and acceptable situations for interaction. In the early childhood classroom most students engage in age-appropriate conversation with their peers. Shared interests encourage them to pay attention to others, ask questions, offer help, make suggestions and provide feedback. Intellectual: Children benefit greatly when they are occupied in interactive play and are free to share their k knowledge with other children. Curriculum is more effective when presented with materials that are open-ended can be easily manipulated. Through spontaneous and creative play with a minimum of teacher intervention children are free to grow and manifest their understanding of concepts. Emotional During play children are able to control situations that are not theirs in the real world. By exploring possibilities in play situations, children display confidence and competence as they plan and make decisions. Play provides a place where children can act out feelings about difficult emotional events they may face. Vygotsky believed that children involved in imaginative play will renounce what they want, and willingly subordinate themselves to rules in order to gain the pleasure of the play. He argues that in play they exercise their greatest self-control. ln a Vygotskian model, if we accept the distinction between play as such and play in schools we can see that in order for play to be valued it needs to be located securely within the curriculum structure and organizational framework. Clarifying the role of adults in this process is, therefore, essential. Stages of Play Play is spontaneous, observables, solitary or parallel, associative, symbolic and cooperative. Positive unrestricted play can be a joyous activity that reaps many rewards. Children generally play by building on their previous experiences. They may engage in any of the different types of play at any time. When children are in a healthy environment, they progress through each stage at their own level of development. . Unoccupied Play. Children learn by observing others without interaction. . Onlookers. Children focus intently on watching others play. They may engage in conversation but do not otherwise participate. . Solitary or independent play. Children play by themselves with no interest in what others are doing even if they are physically close. . Parallel play. Children play alongside others with similar objects such as blocks; however, they do not play with each other but side by side separately. . Associative play. Children engage in the same play activity without an organised goal. They may share blocks or tools but do not build the same structure. . Cooperative Play. Children are organised, have a specific goal and have a sense of belonging to a group. It is the beginning of teamwork and doing projects where they work or play together Conclusion As play disappears from the background of childhood, we need to recognise that its downfall will have a lasting impact. Decades of persuasive research have shown that without play, childrens physical, social, emotional, and intellectual development is compromised. They will develop without much imagination and creativity. Their capacity for communication will be reduced and their affinity towards aggressiveness and violence will increase. In short, human nature as we have known it will be deeply changed, increasing many of the problems that are already afflicting children and society. If we do not invest in play, we will find ourselves investing much more in prisons and hospitals, as the incidence of physical, and mental illness, as well as aggressive and violent behavior increases.

The mozart effect Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Mozart Effect Does classical music really help you study better? Many recent research studies show that music idoes in fact improve cognitive thinking. In 1993, researchers at the University of California at Irvine discovered the so-called Mozart Effect - that college students â€Å"who listened to ten minutes of Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D major K448 before taking an IQ test scored nine points higher† than when they had sat in silence or listened to relaxation tapes. Other studies have also indicated that it doesn’t matter the artist; people retain information better if they hear classical or baroque music while studying. The most easily influenced stage of human life is early childhood, therefore it is encouraged that children listen to classical music. The researchers at Irvine recently found that preschoolers who had received eight months of music lessons scored â€Å"eighty percent higher on object-assembly tasks† than did other children who received no musical training. It was concluded that students who listened to music had high a greater ability to think abstractly and to visualize. These tasks are necessary to understand difficult theorems and equations in math and engineering. German scientists discovered an amazing difference in musicians who have the ability to recognize notes by ear and who began studying music before the age of seven. The plenum temporal, which is the area on the brain's left side that processes sound signals, mostly language, is three times the average size. The age of the musician matters because the brain generally stops growing after age 10. Besides being beneficial for young children, music is useful to many adolescents, especially to those with learning problems. Exposing music constantly to children with severe learning deficiencies has been known to show positive results. A study was done by the researchers at Irvine on a seven-year-old girl with an autistic condition, which caused her to use gestures and occasional words instead of full sentences. The young girl's speaking ability â€Å"improved remarkably† after she had lessons in a class that combined sounds from a piano with dialect. College students can also benefit from classical music. To test this, college students were exposed to three different types of music and were given standard reasoning tests, each for ten minutes. The research showed that the scores ... ...one energy to work out; listening to a soft, relaxing song might put a person to sleep; and listening to Mozart may enhance â€Å"spatial reasoning† and memory in the brain. Whatever the situation may be, music seems to have a benefiting effect.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography 1. Campbell, Don. The Mozart Effect: Tapping the Power of Music. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.: 2001 2. Carroll, Robert Todd. The Mozart Effect available from http://skepdic.com/mozart.html; Internet, accessed April 29, 2004 3. Church, Ellen Booth. Learning Through Play: Music and Movement. New York: Scholastic Inc.: 1992 4. Eliot, Lise. What’s Going on in There?: How the Brain and Mind Develop in the First Five Years of Life. New York: Bantam Books: 2002 5. Machlis, Joseph and Kristine Forney. The Enjoyment of Music. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.: 2003 6. Ortiz, John M. Nurturing Your Child with Music: How Sound Awareness Creates Happy, Smart, and Confident Children. Oregon: Beyond Words Publishing: 1999 7. Ortiz, John M. Nurturing Your Child with Music: How Sound Awareness Creates Happy, Smart, and Confident Children. Oregon: Beyond Words Publishing 1999

Hi-Ho, YO-Yo, Inc. Essay

Hi-Ho, Yo- Yo Incorporation is an institute that makes special logos for yoyos. Now, they are starting to face a problem with increasing orders and the company wants to meet their order process deadlines. The orders were made on June but they will only begin on July due to the make-up day for flooding. Therefore, Mr. Jeff wants to know what is the scheduling for the following orders to meet the limitations. Different types of rule will be evaluated in order to decide the best technique of inventory scheduling. The four different rules to evaluate are: First come First Serve (FCFS), Shortest Processing Time (SPT), Earliest Due Date (DD), and Critical Ratio (CR) methods. Statement of the problem Sequencing is worried with determining the order in which jobs are administered. The orders also needs to be determined for handling jobs at work center and for work handled at each person’s work stations. The condition can become difficult when workers centers are heavily overloaded and long-lasting jobs are involved. However, in this case study, the main problem is to report how to meet the limitation such as delays, due dates, and to pleasing the customers so the orders will increase. The corporation experienced a delay because of the make-up day for flooding in the month of June so the production date of the order will move to July. So in the month of July, it is indicated in the given case that there are three Saturdays (July 9th, 16th, and 23rd) and the labors will continue to work. Also they will have one holiday on July 4th apart from the weekends. From the time allowed how will the operation manger choose the best scheduling from the given methods (First Come, First S erve (FCFS), Shortest Processing Time (SPT), Earliest Due Date (EDD), and Critical Ratio (CR) methods. Objectives Job sequence is a significant task to decide, because it goes both ways either going to slow down the production method or speed it up. An operations manager must conclude the best technique established for the need of the institute, in this situation the company needs to finish all jobs before their due dates. Also, job processing time and due dates are very vital sections of material when applying these rules. Job sequencing  guidelines are used to decide the importance of processing jobs. It is applied to solve the scheduling problems that usually lead to ineffective performance. The main problem in this case study is to find the best rule to be followed in order to solve the present problem. Some of the categories that need to be met are: Defining the order in which jobs at a work center will be administered. Sequencing decision to be made in order to meet all the due dates and satisfy the needs of the clients. Educate the staff in order to give then understanding about choosin g the best schedule to be made. Meeting due dates of customers or downstream operations. Minimalizing the flow time (the time a job spends in the process. Try to reduce work-in-process inventory. Try to Decrease idle time of machines or workers. Areas of consideration and analysis Scheduling will help to create both the timing and use of resources within an organization. In the operation function, scheduling relates to the use of tools, facilities, human activities of scheduling, and receipt of material. In this event, there are facts given that will help in order to make a conclusion of what technique to use. â€Å"I’ve been talking with Anne about a problem we have with short-term capacity in our pad printing operations. You know, that’s where we print our logo on the Custom lines of yo-yos. We have received more orders to pad printing in a way that will enable us to meet out due date commitments in the best way possible. Would you have time to look on the order list (attached) and see what kind of schedule we should follow to do that?† In the paragraph above it is clearly identified the problem of the Hi-Ho, Yo-Yo Incorporation. So the issues is that orders are going up and they need to find a way to meet the due dates. â€Å"After a few minutes with your old operations management text, you call the production control office to confirm the pad printing schedule. They confirm that pad printing runs one eight-hour shift per day. They tell you that due to a make-up day for flooding in June, pad printing will be running 23 days in July, beginning Friday, July 1 (they will work three Saturdays on July 9, 16, and 23, and take a one-day holiday for July 4)†. Furthermore, the information was given by the production call office in demand to make a proposal and find a solution for the issues. In  the month of July the company needs to meet the demand within twenty-three days and only short amount of time available. There will be three Saturday that they will work and they will eight hours each days. â€Å"Note: Setup time is to set up the pad printer at the start of the job. Setup includes thoroughly cleaning the printing heads and ink reservoirs, installing the new pad(s) and ink supply, and carefully aligning the machine. Setup at the beginning of a new day with the same job is insignificant.† However, the setup time is recorded and the fact about it is given so it will add to the processing time. Different course of action Priority rules are simple heuristics used to select the order in which jobs will be processed. Therefore, in this case study there is four rules given to be examining in order to decide the existing problem. 1. First Come first Serve (FCFS) – jobs are processed in the order in which they arrive at a machine or work center. If the company decides to use this method of delivery to the clients, then assured to release the order in the sequence of date. 2. Shortest processing Time (SPT) – jobs are processed according to processing time at a machine or work center, shortest job first. This machine is only useful in single machine method. 3. Earliest Due Date (DD) – jobs are processed according to due dates, earliest due date first. 4. Critical Ratio (CR) – jobs are processed according to smallest ratio of time remaining until due date to processing time remaining. The critical ratio gives importance to jobs that must be done to keep shipping on schedule. The  critical ratio is quantity of determination of any order associated to the other orders for the same facility. The ratio is created on when the finished order is necessary and how much time is necessary to complete. It inclines to achieve better than FCFS, EDD, and SPT on the average job lateness criterion. All these rules assume that setup time and costs are independent of the processing sequence. Jobs that need similar setups can decrease setup times if sequenced back to back. Also, the priority rules assume that setup time and handling times are deterministic and not variable, there will be no breaks in processing, the set of jobs is known, no new jobs arrive after processing begins, and no jobs are cancelled. After comparing the four methods, SPT is suggested to be used by the organization because it will reduce average flow time for jobs. Meanwhile, there are restrictions like the company has to meet all the order within twenty-three days while working eight hours per day. By using this technique the workers will finish all the orders at the shortest period of time. Then, the flow time is calculated for every part of the job, using the processing time, which helps in getting whole time for the achievement of work. In the First Come First Serve it cannot be applied due to the rule, which is jobs are handled in the order in which they reach. The orders must be completed in a shortest period of time and when the order arrived they did not started the production on June (arrival of orders) due to a problem. They will start on July and this will not follow the rule. Then, the Earliest Due Date (EDD) places the maximum importance on processing jobs with this rule. The job shop quality act can be control by the number of late jobs, the average delay across late jobs or the normal lateness across all jobs. This might work fine if the organization is judged by job lateness. Again if the firm uses this method, the process will follow a track created on due dates of the orders and it may not meet the time limitation given. Finally the critical ratio (CR), in this rule an individual must compute a priority index using the formula and it is commonly used in practice. In this rule, the sequencing of the jobs is done first by receiving the critical ratio of each job then selects the lowest among them. Next it is repeated removing the job with the last CR point till one work is left. By selecting, Shortest Processing time (SPT) the job with this rule will required go first. This rule has a tendency to decrease  work-in-process inventory, average through put time, and average job lateness. Therefore, this is the best appropriate rule to be used in orde r to meet the restrictions. Detailed action plan A report about the selecting the Short Processing Time technique should be made and it will be used for production. It should be in detailed information therefore the schedule will be followed. Other points to implement: support demand and supply, increase flexibility and decrease reaction/lead times at key points in the supply chain, allow lean actions: decrease inventories and costs while meeting supply commitments. Cost discount can be accomplished by a schedule that reflects all rules and limitations. Disregarding a rule/limitation commonly results in better cost due to reduced productivity, higher inventory, increased offline work, overtime. Customer Relationship Management, dealer Order Management, material planning, scheduling of feeder lines, and vendor supply chain management. FCFS Sequencing It is evidently shown that what method to be used in the table shown. Based on the average tardiness column, it is shown that SPT received the lowest point followed by EDD. Also the method that achieved better average tardiness is under FCFS and CR method. Shortest processing time is commonly the best method for reducing job flow and reducing the average number of jobs in the organization. Its main drawback is that long-duration jobs may be constantly lacking back in priority in favor of short-duration jobs. Clients may view this clearly, and a periodic change for longer jobs has been made.

The Meaning of the Surname Fuchs

The Meaning of the Surname Fuchs The Fuchs surname means fox, from the Middle High German vuhs, meaning fox. Sometimes used to describe someone with red hair, or someone considered crafty or clever - characteristics attributed to the fox. The name first came into use in the German state of Bavaria. Fox is the English version of this surname. Fuchs is the 42nd most common German surname. Surname Origin:  GermanAlternate Surname Spellings:  FUHS, FUX, FOX Famous People with the Fuchs Surname Bernard Fuchs  - French pilot and WWII heroEduard Fuchs  - Marxist cultural scientistEmil Fuchs -  Ã‚  German theologianErich Fuchs  - English physiologistPeter Paul Fuchs - Austrian-born conductor and composerVivian Fuchs - British geologist and polar explorer Where the Fuchs Surname Is Most Common According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Fuchs surname is most common in Austria, where it ranks as the 11th most common last name in the country. It is also very common in Germany (36th), Switzerland (39th) and  Liechtenstein (72nd). WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates that Fuchs is most widespread in eastern Switzerland, in the Zentralschweiz region, and throughout much of Austria, especially in the Graz and Landeck regions. Surname maps from Verwandt.de indicate the  Fuchs last name is most common in southern Germany, especially in the counties or cities of Munich, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Ostalbkreis, Cologne, Passau, Muremberg, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, and Karlsruhe. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Fuchs Meanings of Common German Surnames: Uncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames.Fuchs  Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Fuchs  family crest or coat of arms for the Fuchs surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.Fox Y-DNA Surname Project: Individuals with the Fox  surname, and variations such as Fuchs, are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Fox family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate.FUCHS  Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on descendants of Fuchs ancestors around the world. Search or browse the archives for posts ab out your Fuchs ancestors, or join the group and post your own Fuchs query. FamilySearch - FUCHS  Genealogy: Explore over 630,000 results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Fuchs surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.FUCHS  Surname Mailing List: Free mailing list for researchers of the Fuchs surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages.DistantCousin.com - FUCHS Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Fuchs.GeneaNet - Fuchs  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Fuchs  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Fuchs Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Fuchs surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. https://www.thoughtco.com/surname-meanings-and-origins-s2-1422408

gov involvement in transportation essays

gov involvement in transportation essays Subject: government involvement in transportation I have found in my experience working with The Pennsylvania Department Of Transportation (PennDOT) that the government needs to be involved in the construction of roads. PennDOT ensures that the roads are built and maintained to a certain quality. Imagine tying to coordinate a 50 to 75 jobs a year throughout a five county area using millions or billions of dollars. They find the lowest bidders and make certain the work is done to specification. I believe that the government does the best job possible at this type and size of work. I think that if all of the money were put into private hands we would not receive the same results. A lot of people would probably tell you different if you surveyed them while they were sitting in traffic. It has only been after working with PennDOT that I can appreciate what they do for the state and local roads. Sure I know they make mistakes a lot but who is mistake free, I sure am not. ...

Fundementals of computers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fundementals of computers - Essay Example The very aspect to frame the problem domain into effective planning is the key element one learns for fetching the large project scenario. The critical aspects of planning and designing the definite and thoughtful steps would make sure to widen ones thinking skills to bring an ability to predict an event before it actually occurs. The decision making abilities are promoted to a large extent as one needs to make crucial decisions with regard to the right methodology to solve a problem with an algorithm and reduce complexity at every cost. The knowledge would facilitate even further in understanding the computer science subject as a whole to design the various mechanisms to handle the computers activity domain and its intelligence in handling the various resources required. The knowledge of operating systems would help one to understand the various dependencies of the programs and the amount of integration achieved by computer science. It also helps one to learn the various platform issues the computer hardware and software requires binding itself for the running of application programs. The knowledge of operating systems helps one to understand the difference between the large programs and ancillary programs of a computer system. The large programs accommodate the working of aligned programs and one gets to visualize and grasp knowledge of the successful aggregation of such programs for achieving the objective. The knowledge of ancillary programs would make sure that the various integrations of the programs are handled well. The focus is on high penetration of thought process in framing better problem domain and solving abilities. The database systems are a branch of computer science that facilitates the knowledge to transform the storage of raw data into a retrieval format. It transforms ones knowledge to learn the use of data, to understand the various data structures involved, to measure up the definitions of

Mentoring programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Mentoring programs - Research Paper Example This particular kind of social work intervention is followed with similar programs all over the world. Both individuals and organizations involved in monitoring are supported with such organizations as MENTOR/National Mentoring Partnership and the National Mentoring Center. Furthermore, numerous corporations sponsor large-scale monitoring initiatives, which involve their employees. Mentoring programs are also supported by the government; in 2003 alone President George W. Bush donated half a billion dollars for two new mentoring initiatives (DuBois and Karcher, 2005). Recently, mentoring has been approved as a serious approach to rehabilitate criminal offenders and reduce rates of recidivism. Mentoring has appeared in several legislation documents, from the Reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of 1992 to the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Block Grant of 2005-2006 (Walker, 2007). In the reauthorization of the original document, the Congress added a part G, in which mentoring was described as a useful tool for addressing juvenile delinquency. Since 1995, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) has administered its own federal program, the Juvenile Mentoring Program (JUMP), designed to reduce juvenile delinquency, gang participation and school dropout rates. However, while the field of youth mentoring experiences enormous growth in terms of practice, it still lacks theoretical foundations and research, crucial for further growth and development (DuBois and Karcher, 2005). It was not until recent years that youth mentoring has gained interest from psychologists, sociologists, educators, human development specialists and social workers. While the multidisciplinary character of youth mentoring may be beneficial for the field's knowledge base, it also poses a significant challenge for both researchers and practitioners. Due to the disciplinary boundaries which limit researchers' regular exposure to their colleagues work, it may result difficult to identify opportunities for synergy within and across different areas for inquiry. Consequently, in many cases they can go undetected and unexplored (DuBois and Karcher, 2005). In terms of practice, the difficulty in acquiring "one-stop shopping" for definitive accounts and its implications may res ult in a compromised capacity for intervention and policy efforts to benefit from available theory and research.Given all these concerns, it is crucial for scholars to provide the fast-expanding and progressing practice of youth mentoring with both theoretical foundations and research base. Furthermore, in the light of a recent increase in juvenile violence and high recidivism rates, it is essential to design appropriate measures of prevention, treatment and control of crime (Cord, Widom and Crowell, 2001). The FBI data reveal that in 2001 juveniles comprised 17% of all arrests and 15% of those that involved violent crime. In many cases criminal activity in adolescence leads to such consequences in adult life as homelessness, substance abuse, and mental illness. Moreover, each juvenile offender that becomes a recidivist costs society approximately $1.7 to $ 2.3 million, not to mention great economic, medical, physical and psychological consequences for